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ABAP Cookbook

Аннотация

This book allows you to find the answers you need to typical ABAP development problems and tasks. You’ll discover best practices for developing solutions, and learn how to apply ABAP to solve different types of problems. The recipes range from simple appetizers to complex main courses — and some sweet desserts, of course! Each chapter is a short tutorial in itself, organized and consolidated into an easy-to-read format. The various code samples, screenshots, and different icons will help you to follow the best practices. Enjoy your ABAP meal!

Best Practices
Learn best practices for programming and the solutions to both simple and complex programming problems.

Programming Techniques
Discover various techniques for dynamic, database, transactional, persistence, interface, and security programming in ABAP.

Comprehensive Approach to Problem Solving
Explore the context of a problem, solution alternatives, and the thought process involved in the development of a solution.

Instructive Icons
Easily identify quick tips, step-by-step instructions, and warnings, thanks to the use of helpful icons throughout the text.

Numerous Examples and Source Codes
Explore coding examples in every chapter, as well as two source code bundles that you can install on your local AS ABAP system.

Highlights

· String processing techniques
· Dynamic and reflective programming
· ABAP and Unicode
· Database programming
· Transactional programming
· XML processing in ABAP
· Web services and programming with the ICF
· Email programming
· Security programming
· Logging and tracing
· Interprocess communication
· Parallel and distributed processing with RFCs

The Author

James Wood is the founder and principal consultant of Bowdark Consulting, Inc., an SAP NetWeaver consulting and training organization. With almost 10 years of experience as a software engineer, James specializes in custom development in the areas of ABAP Objects, Java/J2EE, SAP Process Integration, and the SAP NetWeaver Portal.

ISBN

ISBN 978-1-59229-326-1

Обложка

Hardcover

Объём

542 страницы

... Introduction ... 17
1 ... String Processing Techniques ... 27
1.1 ... ABAP Character Types ... 27
1.2 ... Designing a Custom String Library ... 29
1.2.1 ... Developing the API ... 29
1.2.2 ... Encapsulating Basic String Processing Statements ... 33
1.3 ... Improving Productivity with Regular Expressions ... 36
1.3.1 ... Understanding Regular Expressions ... 36
1.3.2 ... Regular Expression Syntax ... 37
1.3.3 ... Using Regular Expressions in ABAP ... 46
1.3.4 ... Integrating Regular Expression Support into the String Library ... 53
1.4 ... Summary ... 56
2 ... Working with Numbers, Dates, and Bytes ... 57
2.1 ... Numeric Operations ... 57
2.1.1 ... ABAP Math Functions ... 58
2.1.2 ... Generating Random Numbers ... 60
2.2 ... Date and Time Processing ... 64
2.2.1 ... Understanding ABAP Date and Time Types ... 64
2.2.2 ... Date and Time Calculations ... 65
2.2.3 ... Working with Timestamps ... 66
2.2.4 ... Calendar Operations ... 70
2.3 ... Bits and Bytes ... 73
2.3.1 ... Introduction to the Hexadecimal Type in ABAP ... 73
2.3.2 ... Reading and Writing Individual Bits ... 75
2.3.3 ... Bitwise Logical Operators ... 76
2.4 ... Summary ... 79
3 ... Dynamic and Reflective Programming ... 81
3.1 ... Working with Field Symbols ... 81
3.1.1 ... What Is a Field Symbol ... 82
3.1.2 ... Field Symbol Declarations ... 83
3.1.3 ... Assigning Data Objects to Field Symbols ... 85
3.1.4 ... Casting Data Objects During the Assignment Process ... 89
3.2 ... Reference Data Objects ... 91
3.2.1 ... Declaring Data Reference Variables ... 91
3.2.2 ... Assigning References to Data Objects ... 93
3.2.3 ... Dynamic Data Object Creation ... 94
3.2.4 ... Performing Assignments Using Data Reference Variables ... 96
3.2.5 ... De-Referencing Data References ... 96
3.3 ... Introspection with ABAP Run Time Type Services ... 99
3.3.1 ... ABAP RTTS System Classes ... 99
3.3.2 ... Working with Type Objects ... 100
3.3.3 ... Defining Custom Data Types Dynamically ... 102
3.3.4 ... Case Study: RTTS Usage in the ALV Object Model ... 104
3.4 ... Dynamic Program Generation ... 106
3.4.1 ... Creating a Subroutine Pool ... 106
3.4.2 ... Creating a Report Program ... 107
3.4.3 ... Drawbacks to Dynamic Program Generation ... 108
3.5 ... Summary ... 108
4 ... ABAP and Unicode ... 109
4.1 ... Introduction to Character Codes and Unicode ... 109
4.1.1 ... Understanding Character-Encoding Systems ... 110
4.1.2 ... Limitations of Early Character-encoding Systems ... 111
4.1.3 ... What Is Unicode ... 111
4.1.4 ... Unicode Support in SAP Systems ... 113
4.2 ... Developing Unicode-Enabled Programs in ABAP ... 113
4.2.1 ... Overview of Unicode-Related Changes to ABAP ... 114
4.2.2 ... Thinking in Unicode ... 117
4.2.3 ... Turning on Unicode Checks ... 120
4.3 ... Working with Unicode System Classes ... 121
4.3.1 ... Converting External Data into ABAP Data Objects ... 121
4.3.2 ... Converting ABAP Data Objects into External Data Formats ... 124
4.3.3 ... Converting Between External Formats ... 126
4.3.4 ... Useful Character Utilities ... 129
4.4 ... Summary ... 131
5 ... Working with Files ... 135
5.1 ... File Processing on the Application Server ... 135
5.1.1 ... Understanding the ABAP File Interface ... 136
5.1.2 ... Case Study: Processing Files with the ABAP File Interface ... 141
5.2 ... Working with Unicode ... 148
5.2.1 ... Changes to the OPEN DATASET Statement to Support Unicode ... 149
5.2.2 ... Using Class CL_ABAP_FILE_UTILITIES ... 149
5.3 ... Logical Files and Directories ... 150
5.3.1 ... Defining Logical Directory Paths and Files in Transaction FILE ... 151
5.3.2 ... Working with the Logical File API ... 155
5.4 ... File Compression with ZIP Archives ... 157
5.4.1 ... The ABAP ZIP File API ... 158
5.4.2 ... Creating a ZIP File ... 159
5.4.3 ... Reading a ZIP File ... 163
5.5 ... File Processing on the Presentation Server ... 167
5.5.1 ... Interacting with the SAP GUI via CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES ... 167
5.5.2 ... Downloading a File ... 168
5.5.3 ... Uploading a File ... 171
5.6 ... Transmitting Files Using FTP ... 173
5.6.1 ... Introducing the SAPFTP Library ... 173
5.6.2 ... Wrapping the SAPFTP Library in an ABAP Objects Class ... 175
5.6.3 ... Uploading and Downloading Files Using FTP ... 176
5.6.4 ... Implementation Details ... 179
5.7 ... Summary ... 182
6 ... Database Programming ... 183
6.1 ... Object-Relational Mapping and Persistence ... 183
6.1.1 ... Positioning of Object-Relational Mapping Tools ... 184
6.1.2 ... Persistence Service Overview ... 184
6.1.3 ... Mapping Concepts ... 187
6.2 ... Developing Persistent Classes ... 189
6.2.1 ... Creating Persistent Classes in the Class Builder ... 190
6.2.2 ... Defining Mappings Using the Mapping Assistant Tool ... 192
6.3 ... Working with Persistent Objects ... 198
6.3.1 ... Understanding the Class Agent API ... 199
6.3.2 ... Performing Typical CRUD Operations ... 199
6.3.3 ... Querying Persistent Objects with the Query Service ... 204
6.4 ... Modeling Complex Relationships ... 206
6.4.1 ... Defining Custom Attributes ... 207
6.4.2 ... Filling in the Gaps ... 209
6.5 ... Storing Text with Text Objects ... 214
6.5.1 ... Defining Text Objects ... 214
6.5.2 ... Using the Text Object API ... 218
6.5.3 ... Alternatives to Working with Text Objects ... 222
6.6 ... Connecting to External Databases ... 223
6.6.1 ... Configuring a Database Connection ... 223
6.6.2 ... Accessing the External Database ... 225
6.6.3 ... Further Reading ... 230
6.7 ... Summary ... 231
7 ... Transactional Programming ... 233
7.1 ... Introduction to the ACID Transaction Model ... 233
7.2 ... Transaction Processing with SAP LUWs ... 235
7.2.1 ... Introduction to SAP Logical Units of Work ... 235
7.2.2 ... Bundling Database Changes in Update Function Modules ... 239
7.2.3 ... Bundling Database Changes in Subroutines ... 242
7.2.4 ... Performing Local Updates ... 244
7.2.5 ... Dealing with Exceptions in the Update Task ... 245
7.3 ... Working with the Transaction Service ... 248
7.3.1 ... Transaction Service Overview ... 248
7.3.2 ... Understanding Transaction Modes ... 249
7.3.3 ... Processing Transactions in Object-Oriented Mode ... 253
7.3.4 ... Performing Consistency Checks with Check Agents ... 259
7.4 ... Implementing Locking with the Enqueue Service ... 262
7.4.1 ... Introduction to the SAP Lock Concept ... 262
7.4.2 ... Defining Lock Objects ... 263
7.4.3 ... Programming with Locks ... 265
7.4.4 ... Integration with the SAP Update System ... 267
7.4.5 ... Lock Administration ... 267
7.5 ... Tracking Changes with Change Documents ... 268
7.5.1 ... What Are Change Documents ... 269
7.5.2 ... Creating Change Document Objects ... 269
7.5.3 ... Configuring Change-Relevant Fields ... 273
7.5.4 ... Programming with Change Documents ... 274
7.6 ... Summary ... 279
8 ... XML Processing in ABAP ... 283
8.1 ... Introduction to XML ... 283
8.1.1 ... What Is XML ... 284
8.1.2 ... XML Syntax ... 285
8.1.3 ... Defining XML Documents Using XML Schema ... 289
8.2 ... Parsing XML with the iXML Library ... 291
8.2.1 ... Introducing the iXML Library API ... 291
8.2.2 ... Working with DOM ... 292
8.2.3 ... Case Study: Developing XML Mapping Programs in ABAP ... 297
8.2.4 ... Next Steps ... 304
8.3 ... Transforming XML Using XSLT ... 304
8.3.1 ... What Is XSLT ... 305
8.3.2 ... Anatomy of an XSLT Stylesheet ... 305
8.3.3 ... Integrating XSLT with ABAP ... 308
8.3.4 ... Creating XSLT Stylesheets ... 308
8.3.5 ... Processing XSLT Programs in ABAP ... 310
8.3.6 ... Case Study: Transforming Business Partners with XSLT ... 311
8.3.7 ... Serialization of ABAP Data Objects Using asXML ... 314
8.4 ... Simple Transformation ... 317
8.4.1 ... What Is Simple Transformation ... 318
8.4.2 ... Anatomy of a Simple Transformation Program ... 318
8.4.3 ... Learning Simple Transformation Syntax ... 319
8.4.4 ... Creating Simple Transformation Programs ... 324
8.4.5 ... Case Study: Transforming Business Partners with ST ... 325
8.5 ... Summary ... 327
9 ... Web Programming with the ICF ... 329
9.1 ... HTTP Overview ... 329
9.1.1 ... Working with the Uniform Interface ... 330
9.1.2 ... Addressability and URLs ... 332
9.1.3 ... Understanding the HTTP Message Format ... 333
9.2 ... Introduction to the ICF ... 335
9.3 ... Developing an HTTP Client Program ... 336
9.3.1 ... Defining the Service Call ... 337
9.3.2 ... Working with the ICF Client API ... 338
9.3.3 ... Putting It All Together ... 340
9.4 ... Implementing ICF Handler Modules ... 346
9.4.1 ... Working with the ICF Server-Side API ... 347
9.4.2 ... Creating an ICF Service Node ... 348
9.4.3 ... Developing an ICF Handler Class ... 354
9.4.4 ... Testing the ICF Service Node ... 358
9.5 ... Summary ... 360
10 ... Web Services ... 361
10.1 ... Web Service Overview ... 361
10.1.1 ... Introduction to SOAP ... 362
10.1.2 ... Describing SOAP-Based Services with WSDL ... 365
10.1.3 ... Web Service Discovery with UDDI ... 365
10.2 ... Providing Web Services ... 366
10.2.1 ... Creating Service Definitions ... 367
10.2.2 ... Configuring Runtime Settings ... 373
10.2.3 ... Testing Service Providers ... 376
10.3 ... Consuming Web Services ... 378
10.3.1 ... Creating a Service Consumer ... 379
10.3.2 ... Defining a Logical Port ... 383
10.3.3 ... Using a Service Consumer in an ABAP Program ... 386
10.4 ... Next Steps ... 391
10.5 ... Summary ... 391
11 ... Email Programming ... 393
11.1 ... Introduction to BCS ... 393
11.2 ... Sending Email Messages ... 394
11.2.1 ... Understanding the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ... 395
11.2.2 ... Sending a Plain Text Message ... 396
11.2.3 ... Working with Attachments ... 403
11.2.4 ... Formatting Email Messages with HTML ... 408
11.3 ... Receiving Email Messages ... 411
11.3.1 ... Configuring Inbound Processing Rules ... 412
11.3.2 ... Processing Inbound Requests ... 413
11.3.3 ... Potential Use Cases of Inbound Processing Rules ... 414
11.4 ... Summary ... 416
12 ... Security Programming ... 419
12.1 ... Developing a Security Model ... 419
12.1.1 ... Authenticating Users ... 420
12.1.2 ... Checking User Authorizations ... 420
12.1.3 ... Securing the Lines of Communication ... 421
12.1.4 ... Programming for Security ... 422
12.2 ... The SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP Authorization Concept ... 422
12.2.1 ... Overview ... 423
12.2.2 ... Developing Authorization Objects ... 424
12.2.3 ... Configuring Authorizations ... 430
12.2.4 ... Performing Authorization Checks in ABAP ... 433
12.2.5 ... Authorization Concept Review ... 434
12.3 ... Encrypting Data with ABAP ... 435
12.4 ... Performing Virus Scans ... 437
12.5 ... Protecting Web Content with CAPTCHA ... 438
12.5.1 ... What Is CAPTCHA ... 439
12.5.2 ... Developing a CAPTCHA Component with Adobe Flex ... 439
12.5.3 ... Integrating the CAPTCHA Component with BSPs ... 440
12.5.4 ... Integrating the CAPTCHA Component with Web Dynpro ... 443
12.6 ... Summary ... 444
13 ... Logging and Tracing ... 445
13.1 ... Introducing the Business Application Log ... 446
13.1.1 ... Configuring Log Objects ... 446
13.1.2 ... Displaying Logs ... 448
13.1.3 ... Organization of the BAL API ... 450
13.2 ... Developing a Custom Logging Framework ... 450
13.2.1 ... Organization of the Class-Based API ... 451
13.2.2 ... Configuring Log Severities ... 452
13.3 ... Case Study: Tracing an Application Program ... 453
13.3.1 ... Integrating the Logging Framework into an ABAP Program ... 453
13.3.2 ... Viewing Log Instances in Transaction SLG1 ... 456
13.4 ... Summary ... 458
14 ... Interacting with the Operating System ... 459
14.1 ... Programming with External Commands ... 459
14.1.1 ... Maintaining External Commands ... 460
14.1.2 ... Restricting Access to External Commands ... 462
14.1.3 ... Testing External Commands ... 463
14.1.4 ... Executing External Commands in an ABAP Program ... 465
14.2 ... Case Study: Executing a Custom Perl Script ... 467
14.2.1 ... Defining the Command to Run the Perl Interpreter ... 468
14.2.2 ... Executing Perl Scripts ... 469
14.3 ... Summary ... 474
15 ... Interprocess Communication ... 475
15.1 ... SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP Memory Organization ... 476
15.2 ... Data Clusters ... 477
15.2.1 ... Working with Data Clusters ... 478
15.2.2 ... Storage Media Types ... 478
15.2.3 ... Sharing Data Objects Using ABAP Memory ... 479
15.2.4 ... Sharing Data Objects Using the Shared Memory Buffer ... 482
15.3 ... Working with Shared Memory Objects ... 486
15.3.1 ... Architectural Overview ... 486
15.3.2 ... Defining Shared Memory Areas ... 489
15.3.3 ... Accessing Shared Objects ... 495
15.3.4 ... Locking Concepts ... 506
15.3.5 ... Area Instance Versioning ... 507
15.3.6 ... Monitoring Techniques ... 509
15.4 ... Summary ... 510
16 ... Parallel and Distributed Processing with RFCs ... 511
16.1 ... RFC Overview ... 512
16.1.1 ... Understanding the Different Variants of RFC ... 512
16.1.2 ... Developing RFC-Enabled Function Modules ... 513
16.2 ... Parallel Processing with aRFC ... 515
16.2.1 ... Syntax Overview ... 515
16.2.2 ... Configuring an RFC Server Group ... 518
16.2.3 ... Defining Parallel Algorithms ... 520
16.2.4 ... Case Study: Processing Messages in Parallel ... 522
16.3 ... Summary ... 529
... The Author ... 531
... Index ... 533